Guitar theory lessons

Time

Hear a rhythm across two bars

The five attacks belong to a cycle, not two unrelated measures.

Take the guided lesson

Listen past the first bar line

In this 3–2 son clave, the first bar has attacks on 1, & of 2, and 4. The second has attacks on 2 and 3. Count both bars before starting again.

3–2 son clave4/4 · Quarter-note pulse
1Attack
&Silence
2Silence
&Attack
3Silence
&Silence
4Attack
&Silence
1Silence
&Silence
2Attack
&Silence
3Attack
&Silence
4Silence
&Silence

● attack · — hold · · silence. The quiet high click is the pulse.

A reference cycle with an orientation

Son clave is an important rhythmic reference in Afro-Cuban music. The labels 3–2 and 2–3 describe which side of the two-bar pattern comes first: the side with three attacks or the side with two.

Son and rumba clave have distinct placements; other traditions use other timelines. Do not treat one five-attack pattern as the rule for all Latin music, or rename any syncopated funk pattern as clave.

Build the rhythm

Build the 3–2 son-clave cycle

First bar: 1, & of 2, 4. Second bar: 2, 3. Select all five attacks across the two bars.

Turn the cycle around without inventing new notes

The 2–3 version starts with the two-attack side. Compare the orientation while keeping the same tempo.

2–3 son clave4/4 · Quarter-note pulse
1Silence
&Silence
2Attack
&Silence
3Attack
&Silence
4Silence
&Silence
1Attack
&Silence
2Silence
&Attack
3Silence
&Silence
4Attack
&Silence

● attack · — hold · · silence. The quiet high click is the pulse.

Check yourself

What does 3–2 mean in this son-clave example?

What to keep

Takeaways

  • Hear the whole two-bar cycle before deciding where it begins.
  • Name the specific tradition and pattern, not a universal Latin rule.